The gland is abundantly innervated by the parasympathetic (hypogastric and pelvic nerves) and by the sympathetic (hypogastric ganglion). The importance of the prostate function for male fertility is exemplified by males who have a deficiency of this isoenzyme (5α-reductase type 2 deficiency) as they have decreased sperm counts, low semen volume and failure of the semen to liquefy because of a deficiency of the prostate-specific antigen (a serine protease) that de-coagulates the gelled ejaculated semen. The concentration of the androgen in the prostate is 5–10 times greater than that of testosterone (Hay and Wass, 2009). ( 2014) reviewed the evidence that the gland contributed to the local and systemic concentrations of 5α-dihydroxytestosterone, a more potent androgen than its precursor testosterone from which it is converted by the prostate expressed isoenzyme 5α-reductase-2 (Kang et al., 2014). It should be mentioned that there are suggestions that the gland also has a possible endocrine function. There is a website dedicated to its recreative function (see section below on prostate and the internet). Most of the information about this pleasurable function comes from anecdotal sources. While there are many studies of its reproductive function(s) there are relatively few that characterize its recreative functioning. The functions of the prostate are its involvement in the reproductive aspects of the male ejaculate (its procreative function) and its involvement in the ecstacy of the orgasm (its recreative function). It then differentiates under the influence of the androgens secreted initially by the fetal testes that maintain its embryonic and neonatal growth through activation of local paracrine factors (Thomson, 2001) finally creating male prostatic glandular activity at puberty (Isaacs, 1994). This embryonic structure is indistinguishable between male and female embryos until weeks 10–12 of gestation. The complexity of the development of the prostate in humans from the embryonic urogenital sinus has been reviewed by Marker et al. The gland can be divided into three zones, namely-a peripheral zone (75% of the gland, the portion that surrounds the distal urethra), a central zone (5–8% of the gland, the zone that surrounds the ejaculatory ducts), and a transitional zone (20% of the gland that surrounds the proximal urethra) all enclosed by the fibromuscular band.

( 2004) still used the term ‘prostatic capsule’ when describing nerves passing through it into the prostate body.

Raychaudhuri and Cahill ( 2008) in an extensive literature search about the pelvic fascia that included periprostatic structures confirmed this conclusion. ( 1989) studied histologically whole organ sections of 50 prostate glands and concluded that a ‘capsule’ of the prostate does not exist, it being a concentrically placed fibromuscular band surrounding the prostate that is an inseparable component of the prostatic stroma. The male human prostate is a musculoglandular organ the size of a walnut it surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra and is itself surrounded by a complex of fascial structures. Cancer of the prostate is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Western world males and is the second cause of cancer deaths in men (Siegel et al., 2015).

Prostate stimulator