This paper accommodates inter- and intra-respondent preference heterogeneity through a two-layer latent class modelling structure, where the continuous random distributions are replaced with discrete mixtures in both layers. Meanwhile, the behavioural explanations for such preference variations remain under-explored. Thus far, most studies covering inter- and intra-respondent preference heterogeneity have applied the mixed multinomial logit model. Ignoring the existence of intra-respondent preference heterogeneity could bias preference elicitation and demand forecast.

intra-respondent preference heterogeneity). inter-respondent preference heterogeneity) and across choice tasks within respondents (i.e. Preferences can vary both across respondents (i.e.

Compared to car usage, UAM's (base case) travel times are estimated to be competitive beyond the range of a 50-minute car ride and are less than half as much influenced by congestion. Process times and number of stations heavily influence these potential shares, where the vast majority of UAM trips would be below 50 km in range. Under base case conditions, the share of motorized trips for which UAM would reduce the travel times ranges between 3% and 13% across the three scenarios. The resulting travel times are compared and allow the deduction of potential UAM trip shares under varying UAM properties, such as the number of stations, total process time, and cruise flight speed. Trips of three, pre-existent, and calibrated agent-based transport scenarios (Munich Metropolitan Region, Île-de-France, and San Francisco Bay Area) have been routed using the UAM-extension for the multi-agent transport simulation (MATSim) to calculate congested trip travel times for each trip's original mode - i.e. the on-demand concept that utilizes eVTOL aircraft, might substantially reduce travel times when compared to ground-based transportation. The advent of electrified, distributed propulsion in vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft promises aerial passenger transport within, into, or out of urban areas.

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